Periodontitis is a common condition that can affect more than just your oral health. Fraunhofer scientists have discovered a compound that specifically blocks the bacteria that cause the disease, while leaving the rest of the oral microbiome intact. This innovation was subsequently developed into a range of oral care products by spin-off company PerioTrap.
There are over 700 types of bacteria in the human mouth, but only a small number are associated with periodontitis. These harmful microorganisms can collect in plaque, especially along the gum line, and cause inflammation (gingivitis). If left untreated, this inflammation can progress to chronic periodontitis, which can lead to gum recession and tooth loss.
The risks extend beyond the mouth. Once pathogens enter the bloodstream, they can affect serious conditions such as diabetes, rheumatism, arthritis, cardiovascular disease, chronic inflammatory bowel disease, and even Alzheimer’s disease.
Why conventional treatments are not enough
Traditional oral care products, such as alcohol-based mouthwashes and chlorhexidine solutions, kill harmful bacteria, but they also wipe out beneficial microorganisms. After treatment, the oral microbiome must be rebuilt from scratch. During this process, harmful bacteria such as Porphyromonas gingivalis multiply in the inflamed gum tissue and often quickly regain the upper hand. The growth of beneficial bacteria is slowed, creating an imbalance known as dysbiosis, and the disease can return.
A new way to block harmful bacteria
Researchers at the Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology IZI in Halle have identified a substance that targets harmful pathogens without affecting other parts of the microbial community. This compound, called guanidinoethylbenzylamino imidazopyridine acetate, works by preventing bacteria like Porphyromonas gingivalis from growing, rather than killing them outright.
Stefan Schilling, Head of Molecular Medicine Biochemistry and Therapeutic Development at Fraunhofer IZI, explains: “Rather than simply killing the gingivitis pathogen, it inhibits its growth. The pathogen is no longer able to exert its virulence, allowing beneficial bacteria to occupy niches that are normally inaccessible. In this way, the substance works in harmony with healthy bacteria to gently rebuild and stabilize the microbial balance in the mouth,” Schilling explains.
From research projects to toothpaste
This underlying technology was first developed through a research project funded by the EU and involving international partners. In 2018, Periotrap Pharmaceuticals GmbH was founded in Halle to turn this discovery into practical oral care solutions. In close collaboration with Fraunhofer IZI and the Fraunhofer Institute for Material Systems and Microstructures IMWS, the team developed a toothpaste designed to support the oral microbiome.
“This product is designed to prevent periodontitis. Like traditional toothpaste, it also contains abrasives and fluoride to prevent cavities,” explains Mirko Buchholz, one of the company’s founders.
Overcoming development challenges
Extensive testing was required to turn the compound into a usable ingredient. The final product needed to effectively block harmful bacteria while remaining safe for everyday use. It is not toxic, cannot enter the bloodstream, or can cause tooth discoloration.
To achieve this, Fraunhofer IZI researchers conducted biochemical and structural studies to better understand how the material works and fine-tune the formulation. “This allows us to better understand how substances work and determine the optimal composition of active ingredients in toothpaste,” Schilling explains.
Test toothpaste safety and effectiveness
Fraunhofer IMWS contributed by evaluating how different formulations interact with teeth and gums. Researchers used advanced tools such as scanning electron microscopy and chemical analysis to closely examine compatibility and performance.
Andreas Kiesow, Group Manager Characterization for Medical and Cosmetic Care Products, explains: “Scanning electron microscopy, chemical characterization, and quantitative measurements allow us to draw detailed conclusions about the suitability and functionality of substances. Simply put, we can ultimately tell whether a toothpaste is effective or not.”
Quality standards and future products
All testing is conducted according to Good Laboratory Practice (GLP) standards to ensure results meet stringent national and international requirements. “Adherence to GLP guidelines was a key element of this project. We have not only developed a superior toothpaste with new ingredients; we have developed high-quality oral care products of medical-grade standards,” says Schilling.
Research into the technology continues. In addition to toothpaste, researchers and the PerioTrap team have developed a gel to be used after a professional dental cleaning to block harmful bacteria, support a healthy microbiome, and maintain gum health.
More products are in development, including mouthwash and other oral care solutions. Because the underlying causes of periodontal disease in dogs and cats are similar, it could potentially be used in veterinary medicine.
