A work of mechanical art first conceived in 1775 to recreate the eruption of Italy’s Mount Vesuvius has now been realized for the first time 250 years after its conception. This resurgence has been made possible by modern technology and the creativity of two University of Melbourne engineering students.
The original idea came from Sir William Hamilton, who served as British ambassador to Naples and Sicily from 1765 to 1800. He also had a deep interest in volcanology. His concept combined artistic expression and mechanical design to capture the dramatic visual effects of a volcanic eruption.
The device was designed to use light and movement to mimic flowing lava and the eruption of Mount Vesuvius, inspired by a 1771 watercolor painting by Anglo-Italian artist Pietro Fabris called “Night View of the Lava Flow.” It remains unclear whether Hamilton actually built this mechanism, but detailed sketches preserved in the Bibliothèque de Bordeaux served as the basis for its modern reproduction.
Restoration of the historic Vesuvius volcanic apparatus
Dr. Richard Gillespie, Senior Curator in the School of Engineering and Information Technology, initiated the project and guided its development.
“It is fitting that, exactly 250 years later, our students have brought this dormant project to life,” he said.
“This is great science communication. People around the world have always been fascinated by the immense power of volcanoes.”
A blend of modern engineering and 18th century design
Mechatronics master’s student Xinyu (Jasmine) Xu and mechanical engineering master’s student Yuji (Andy) Zeng spent three months building the device in the Creator Space student workshop. Using the latest materials and technology, including laser-cut wood and acrylic, programmable LED lighting, and electronic control systems, we adapted Hamilton’s clockwork-based design for today’s audience.
“This project provided me with rich learning opportunities. I developed many skills such as programming, soldering, and the application of physics,” Xu said.
Zeng said the experience deepened his understanding of real-world mechanical engineering.
“It was a great way to develop practical problem-solving skills,” he said. “We still faced some of the challenges that Hamilton faced: we had to design and balance the lights so that the mechanism was hidden from view.”
Hands-on learning and engineering skills
Andrew Kogios, a research engineer who mentored the students, highlighted the growth they achieved through the project.
“From selecting materials and 3D printing to troubleshooting the electronics and meeting requirements, working with Yuji and Xinyu was extremely rewarding,” said Kogios. “Experiences like this that supplement their university studies will have a positive impact on their future endeavors.”
On display at the Grand Tour exhibition
The completed device is currently the centerpiece of the “Grand Tour” exhibition at the university’s Baillieu Library, where it will be on display until June 28, 2026.
