Announcement of new article publication BIO integration journal. Clinical trials bridge the gap between basic research and clinical application and serve as an important step in drug development.
This review examines the phases of clinical trials: Phase I (safety assessment), Phase II (efficacy assessment), Phase III (large-scale validation), and Phase IV (postmarket surveillance), and focuses on unique features and interactions. Key challenges such as ethical compliance, participant recruitment, and ensuring diversity and representativeness of study populations are identified, while evidence-based mitigation strategies are proposed.
To address these challenges, innovative technologies such as artificial intelligence, big data analytics, and digital health tools are transforming clinical trial design and implementation, improving efficiency and data quality. Looking forward, this review examines how emerging therapies such as gene therapy and immunotherapy are reshaping trial design requirements, highlighting the growing importance of regulatory harmonization and global collaboration. Clinical trials continue to play a central role in driving innovative drug development and improving patient outcomes.
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Reference magazines:
Wang, T. others. (2026). From bench to bedside: A review of clinical trials in drug discovery and development. BIO integration. DOI: 10.15212/bioi-2025-0198. https://www.scienceopen.com/hosted-document?doi=10.15212/bioi-2025-0198
