Some treatments used to treat cancer can increase the risk of later developing cancer that affects the blood. Population-based studies in Japan have revealed a gradual increase in the incidence of treatment-related acute myeloid leukemia (tAML) in recent years, particularly after breast cancer treatment. The findings are published on Wiley Online. cancera peer-reviewed journal of the American Cancer Society.
tAML is an aggressive blood and bone marrow cancer that develops after chemotherapy or radiation therapy for the initial primary cancer and is thought to be caused, in part, by DNA damage caused by these treatments. To assess whether tAML is increasing as a complication after cancer treatment as the number of cancer survivors increases, researchers analyzed data from the Osaka Cancer Registry on Japanese patients diagnosed with AML between 1990 and 2020.
Of the 9,841 patients with AML, 636 (6.5%) had tAML. The annual incidence of tAML increased from 0.13 per 100,000 population in 1990 to 0.36 per 100,000 population in 2020. The proportion of tAML cases among all AML cases has almost doubled.
The most common primary cancer treated before the onset of tAML was another form of blood cancer (23.1%), followed by breast cancer (14.6%), colorectal cancer (11.5%), and gastric cancer (8.7%). The distribution of primary cancers changed over time, with a marked increase in breast cancer and a decrease in gastric cancer.
This study is an important step toward better understanding how the nature of tAML is changing as the number of cancer survivors increases. ”
Kenji Kishimoto, MD, lead author, Osaka International Cancer Institute
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Reference magazines:
Kishimoto, K., Others. (2026). Increased incidence and changes in the distribution of primary cancers in treatment-related acute myeloid leukemia: a population-based study conducted in Osaka from 1990 to 2020. cancer. DOI: 10.1002/cncr.70316. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/cncr.70316
